The way we summarize this is by multiplying the cosine similarity for each card on the table by a set of coefficients that represent these benefits/penalties. Clues can be found from term pages by extracting noun chunks. If the team flips over a card with the opposing team's color, their turn will end AND the card will stay flipped over for the opposing team. Select the number of nicknames to generate. You signed in with another tab or window. Find the disambiguation page for a term by appending _(disambiguation) behind it. If you decide to allow this, just remember that you aren't allowed to indicate you are giving a rhyming clue. If you run a codenames online site with textual clue inputs, you could backtest and see how many times the clues recommended by users would have been recommended by the tool.There are multiple metrics used in recommender systems you could use to evaluate performance including NDCG or an adapted version of Mean Average Precision. For instance, I remember that early on, someone came up with a brilliant clue for SOCK, LUCK, and ATLANTIS, a board which had stumped everyone else. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. All this seems difficult for a computer to do. Here are some samples to start: Codenames is a Czech board game by Vlaada Chvtil where the goal is to say a one-word clue to your teammates in order to get them to choose correctly from the words laid out on the table. And words like laser, radar, and sonar are always allowed, even though they originated as acronyms. As before, much of the list seems kind of useless. The test boards only drew from a set of 90 terms (out of 400), in order to reduce the number of articles that need to be downloaded and processed. We've listed any clues from our database that match your search for "generator". We dont have any proper nouns in our word bank. Each word has a list of 300 coordinates associated with it. It's strange, almost magical, that so much meaning can be baked into a list of coordinates. This isn't a safety critical system and none of the strings that go into the SQL calls are entered by the user, The main idea is that words with similar meanings will have similar number representations, and that related words will have a similar relationship. The spymaster is expected to keep a straight face. Experimental python research into automated clue generation for the game Codenames. Evaluation would be between existing versions of the clue generator, or between existing game samplesa dn the clue generator. The "board" consists of 25 cards where each card has a word on one side and a color on the other side. the computer sometimes gives ("usurer" for shark, "micropachycephalosaurus" for dinosaur, "calumet" for pipe, etc.). Constructing the PerceptronTagger and using it directly results in shorter runtimes. Another sentence has back of the cattle, where back is a noun. Some groups like the rules one way. site. Riddlewot Riddle Generator Riddle Generator Need help making a riddle, let our riddle generator do it for you! If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. Apparently that doesn't happen too often either. However, the time required to get volunteers and acquire data seems impractical, so are there any other ways we can perform testing? The recommender word bank may include many words not in the common vernacular that are still relevant. Are you sure you want to create this branch? This speaks to the richness of our mental models: it's not just words in there. For example, night sounds like knight, but these two words don't mean the same thing. Each time has a codemaster that can see which cards belong to which teams, and the remaining members of the teams are spies that only see a single word on each card. Then, you read the text into a small moving window, considering maybe ten words at a timenine "context" words and one target word. Clue pages and source pages will be downloaded from Wikipedia, with the pages text stored in a sqlite database along with the page id. Click on the CREATE ROOM button. Please see the end for discussions about future improvements related to choosing a embedding corpus. Examples: Monster, Fruit, Nation.. This work includes data from ConceptNet 5, which was compiled by the Commonsense Computing Initiative. This is obvious from the obscure and outdated(?) It's worth showing an example where the computer falls flat on its face. The advantage is that they may guess as many words as they want. Scaling based on number of cards still available to deal with clue dilution of teams cards compared to other cards. Clearly, though, "TWITTER" is the best clue, associating as it does to computer stuff ("screen," "server") and to birds ("robin"). Contribute to atwooddc/codenames development by creating an account on GitHub. In order for the downloading and processing jobs to run within a reasonable amount of time, potential clue pages need to be identified and filtered beforehand. The PageRank score of each clue page is calculated to determine how obscure it is. Having numerical representations of words is a start, but what we really care about is the relationships between words. A board with the targets THUMB, FOREST, and MOUNT ended up being pretty easy for human players. Now you're all set to start using the program. Our expectation is that the win rates would be equal between groups, and any significant difference would be driven by access to the tool. During a team's turn, the spymaster will give a clue that consists of a word and a number. Since human players determine the relatedness of a clue to a term based on its strongest link instead of the sum of its links, the term count for each noun entity will be treated separately. For example, actors take a bow and the bow is part of a ship, so you could use bow as a clue for THEATER and SHIP. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. In general, the model's rankings are a little noisythe 11th result is often no better than its 91stbut at a coarser level, it sorts its candidates remarkably well. (Informal Affirmative) Crossword Clue, Prefix With Rock Or Country Crossword Clue, Having The Shape Of Rubik's Puzzle Crossword Clue, Thrash Metal's Aim, Creating Tunes Crossword Clue, Tense Chap Residing In Large Land Mass Or Small Land Mass Crossword Clue, Jean ___, father of Dadaism Crossword Clue, Spanish island known for its nightlife Crossword Clue, One-peso coin figure in Cuba Crossword Clue, NBA Draft's 29th overall pick in 1970 Crossword Clue, Mother Earth of Greek myth. sign in With crossword-solver.io you will find 1 solutions. The model here is simple geometry; it relies entirely on the meaning baked into the GloVe vectors. Even just 10 more names would make playing multiple games less repetitive. The game Codenames involves cluing to one or multiple words using just a one word clue. Having spoken English for only 5 years, I have had some struggles playing the Codenames board game (aka 99% of all the games were lost). The key is to give clues that relate turn as the computer compares the 25 relatednesses. (Psalm 46:4) Crossword Clue, "The Legend of Zelda" console, for short Crossword Clue, R&B artist with the 2004 hit '1, 2 Step' Crossword Clue, Longtime Chicago Symphony conductor Crossword Clue, interpret-speech-without-hearing Crossword Clue, days-of-__-(ancient-times) Crossword Clue, largest-city-on-the-arabian-peninsula Crossword Clue, battle-with-clearly-defined-sides Crossword Clue, long,-unproductive-activities Crossword Clue. Please Enjoy! This is the histogram by score for the subset of 90 terms used for testing: As seen, there are a large amount of pages that are only connected to one term. Snail is a valid clue for MAIL because this rhyme is a common phrase. But if no one notices that a clue is invalid, it counts as valid. Use Git or checkout with SVN using the web URL. If a clue was given for 3 terms, and the player (me) guesses 2 correctly and 1 incorrectly, the score will be 1. For example, if the Code Names Bot is giving clues to blue team, the positive terms will be the blue terms, while the negative terms will be the red terms, blank terms, and death term. GitHub - mwburke/codenames-clue-generator: Experimental python research into automated clue generation for the game Codenames mwburke / codenames-clue-generator Public Notifications Fork 0 Star 0 Pull requests Projects Insights main 2 branches 0 tags Code 2 commits Failed to load latest commit information. The number associated with the clue is the number of terms in the clues term list. Clearly the program is noisy. to use Codespaces. ? You can easily improve your search by specifying the number of letters in the answer.. vh / fi brain to draw quick connections between seemingly unrelated things. (There are rules about which kinds of clues are allowable: usually it has to be a single word; proper nouns are optionally allowed.). ), qatar (#87) (!? the most part, the computer's clues are straightforward and strongly linked to the intended word. Play Codenames online across multiple devices on a shared board. How many solutions does Codenames Clue Generator have? Same-sounding words with different meanings and different spellings are considered different words. Even if you don't allow multiword proper names, you might want to make an exception for place names like New York. Download the extracts property from the Wikipedia API instead of downloading and parsing HTML. Crossword Clue. Sure enough, the model discovers that clue, at #24. The "board" consists of 25 cards where each card has a word on one side and a color on the other side. While there are many ways to do this, the way I chose to frame it for now is in terms of embeddings. If they select a card belonging to their team, they can continue guessing, but if they flip over a card that doesnt, their turn is immediately ended and they could suffer the negative consequences of potentially flipping over the other teams card, bringing them closer to their goal, or flipping over the double agent card and instantly losing the game. (The constant $c>0$ expresses the fact that closeness to the target words is more important than farness from the bad words.). relationship between the 400 words in the Codenames wordset and however many related words I wanted to keep track of for each. In this case, proper evaluation takes a fair amount of background understanding of the game just to be able to make evaluations, and for accurate evaluations, experience actually playing. Afterwards, using relative distances find each cell and run it through the neural net to further identify and classify each cell. For example, if you want your teammates to guess THEATER and STRING, you can spell out b-o-w without committing to a pronunciation. Codenames ia a party game that in which two teams of 4-8 players face off against each other. the X and Y directions, which gets unwieldy really fast. Additional research into more appropraite pre-trained word embeddings, Generate our own embeddings by training an NLP model on a corpus we designed for this, Add a relative score component for clue selection. If you take away the check mark from the generation of nicknames . I experimented with using WordNet to produce synonyms for each term. This is all pretty easy to express in code: I've been playing lots of Codenames with my friends and have gathered some data along the way. (The receivers don't see the colors on the board, obviously.). Citrus: 8 is not a valid clue for LEMON and OCTOPUS. There will also be a We ultimately select the best word and the number of code names that it is associated with. The result is that a page with 3 links to 3 different terms will have a score of 3. These pages will be filtered by limiting each pair of terms to 10 clue pages. Hence, create an array of the grid cells (these methods are in the "grid attempts.ipynb"); Using relative distances: create a method that will identify the border of each grid. Are you sure you want to create this branch? orange. Refine the search results by specifying the number of letters. We'll print the first 100 candidates using the function above. If nothing happens, download GitHub Desktop and try again. There are 25 cards laid out on the board, 9 belonging to one team, 8 belonging to another, 7 neutral and 1 double agent card. Snail is not a valid clue for SCALE because their main association is through the sound of the words. Codenames Clue Generator. However, as problems go, having your team select another one of their cards is a decent one to have, although it may cause confusion later down the line. Your goal is to predict the target from the context: you rejigger the weights of the network such that, based on the nine context words, it assigns a high probability to the tenth. However, some important synonyms are missing, such as Deer being a synonym for Buck.. GENERATOR is an official word in Scrabble with 10 points. You signed in with another tab or window. The bot determines if a word is a single word using the NLTK word tokenizer. Please Type pip install python and press enter (this installs Python 3). This may dilute the quality metric by having it be mostly composed of negative scores. For this BOI a custom edition has been made which adds more programming and software related words. Enter a Crossword Clue. That I had in mind with that is you could generate a board and then, once . For each possible clue, find the maximum score between the clue and the negative terms. Regardless of what method you use, there are several problems: A common way to generate datasets for bespoke targets is through Amazon Mechanical Turk , where you can get people to complete arbitrary tasks online for money. We think the likely answer to this clue is COPE. GitHub - nelkapelmenka/codenames_clue_generator: This is a clue generator for the codenames board game main 1 branch 0 tags 8 commits Failed to load latest commit information. At its core, it is a word association game. There are 25 cards laid out on the board, 9 belonging to one team, 8 belonging to another, 7 neutral and 1 double agent card. It's terrible! Spymasters should not be allowed to make up names, not even names that turn out to be real. Just like in the real game, when you guess an incorrect square, you're penalized. Four players are assigned randomly to the same 3x3 board, like the one above, and are asked to give a clue independently to three receivers apiece. Thanks for visiting The Crossword Solver "generator". You'll figure it out. Select the preferred game settings and start the game. The words are sorted by the number of times they appear in the original corpus. Perhaps my favorite example comes with a board whose targets were ROUND, FIGHTER, and PALM. O?D (Use ? You can decide to allow any compound words. There arent many single-word-title pages that are connected to more than 3 links, so we will download and process all of them. 4. For example, the terms America and Australia have many potential clue pages, but only 10 will be processed. Its fairly common. Learn more. This often is used in ML to generate labels for unsupervised data such as images or natural language. From each term, find all neighbors that are connected via an incoming or outgoing link to its term pages. Do not reach for any card while your teammates are considering the words. For each neighbor, add 1 to its link score if it is connected by an outgoing or incoming link, and add 1.5 if it is connected by both an incoming and outgoing link to a term page. You should experiment to find out what your group likes. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. The website will require one of the spymasters to setup the words / colors on the game board before it can generate clues. The goal of this program is the find a one word clue that can relate two or more words while avoiding 2 or more words. Noun chunking and determining named entities is an expensive process. Their teammates know the agents only by their codenames. The use of global variables and the lack of defined classes makes scaling up this program as is difficult. attacks. README.md How to cheat and avoid cheaters in Codenames This little project demonstrates how easy it is to cheat in Codenames (the board game). The user can input the number of words they want to combine; The program using count permutations finds all possible combinations; Using Word2Vec model the program finds the clue and filters out the bad ones based on the cosine similarity; Outputs the final combinations that have not been filtered and the clues for them. Codenames is a game with two teams, the blue team and the red team. Each team has a codemaster, who take turns to use Codespaces. When your information is strictly limited to what can be conveyed with one word and one number, you are playing in the spirit of the game. 2022 Matthew's Blog. There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. They still must guess at least one word. Parts of speech will be counted separately, and the maximum will be chosen as the final term count. Or A Hint To 17 , 30 , 35 And 43 Across Crossword Clue, Five Time Olympic Sprinting Gold Medalist Thompson Herah Crossword Clue, Game Piece With Multiple Faces Crossword Clue, Outermost Part Of The Earth And Pizza Crossword Clue, Drugstore Chain Known For Long Receipts Crossword Clue, 'You !' Each time has a codemaster that can see which cards belong to which teams, and the remaining members of the teams are spies that only see a single word on each card. Enter the length or pattern for better results. You should experiment to find out what your group likes. That's Codenames - a fast paced party game that's sure to keep the whole group entertained, great for families, friends, and total strangers alike. list of synonyms for your answer. If the team flips over the black card, they will instantly lose the game. You signed in with another tab or window. Mobile-friendly Jupyter CSS taken from nbviewer. Thus, scores for a round can be 0, 1, 3, or 6 points. Technically, CIA is not one word. Link: https://code-names-bot.herokuapp.com/ Disclaimers: For example, woman -> man should have a similar relationship as queen -> king. Even land is a valid clue for ENGLAND. .gitignore About. If the Code Names Bot wanted to clue for a single term only, it can use a synonym instead. If the noun chunk contains a number, then it should be ignored. After training across the entire corpus, the vectors come to embody the semantics latent in the patterns of word usage. Optimization note: The code in the Git repo uses an iterative method to calculate PageRank, since there isnt enough memory on a personal computer to use the matrix method on all of the Wikipedia pages. If nothing happens, download Xcode and try again. Abstract: A simple vector-space model shows a surprising talent for cluing in the Codenames board game. This would also allow titles such as The Three Musketeers. But it is a great clue. (If someone in your group has a job weighing snails, however, this clue is perfectly fine).if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'ultraboardgames_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_12',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-ultraboardgames_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); Some people like to allow any kind of rhyming clue. Downloading pages using multiple threads or asynchronously will be much faster than using a single thread. Codenames seems like a good Turing test: to come up with a clue, you need to not only understand the many shades of meaning each word can take on"PAN," for instance, can be a piece of kitchenware, a way of criticizing, or a prefix meaning "all"you also seem to need a model of the world. The above process for calculating the quality metric remains the same as above, but, first we go through and remove all cards below the similarity threshold, and then calculate the contribution of the remaining ones towards our metric. In vector terms, this word ends up being pretty far from all of the targets: The last two of these are especially interesting. When we think of grenades, one of the things that immediately springs to mind is the fact that it's hand-heldparticularly if that idea is primed by the presence of the word "PALM." Union all of these clue sets to get the set of possible clues for the positive terms. There was a problem preparing your codespace, please try again. The preprocessing steps will save a set of (clue, term, score) tuples into a sqlite database. for unknown letters) select length New Search Break The Bank With These Slang Terms For Money Slang Word Facts Word of the day asinine By default, nicknames are generated in English. Are you sure you want to create this branch? Every codename added to the database grows the database in both But if we recast the problem in terms of our vector space model, where distance is a measure of semantic similarity, then finding a good Codenames clue becomes about finding a word that is close to the target words while being far away from all the others. Words that are spelled the same are considered the same even though they might have different pronunciations and meanings. Each word is embedded into a vector space using GloVe. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. It's also useful when the room is noisy or when the players have very different accents. The most fun part of Codenames to me is coming up with clues that connect to multiple words -- plus, it's pretty hard to win How will this affect our scores? A simple vector space model using cosine similarities can dig up human-level clues at least some of the time. You will then need to enter at least one (and at most 5) words to "connect". You can use X: 1 as a clue for RAY. There's thousands of random code names in this generator. The Crossword Solver found 2 answers to "CODENAMES", 3 letters crossword clue. But for If you aren't sure, ask your opponent. You signed in with another tab or window. This gives us a single number ranging from -1 to 1, with -1 indicating two words being as dissimilar as possible and 1 being equivalent. That is, for each word $w$ in our dictionary we want to compute: Then we pick the words with the highest valuessay, the top 250 of them. This would potentially If a page has a page rank below 6, it will reduce the score of the clue for that term. If a particular answer is generating a lot of interest on the site today, it may be highlighted in This is because pages like Volleyball also contain many instances of the term Block, even though Volleyball doesnt have a link to Block. By counting all terms, cases like these can be counted. Learn more. The model's best effort is ufc (#23); it seems preoccupied with MMA and boxing-related words: One of the human cluers, though, came up with "GRENADE." Or by last name. Type pip3 install python-datamuse and press enter (this installs the Datamuse module ). The ideal method would be to test a bunch of games with randomly assigned teams, and provide the test teams with access to the clue recommendations. Crossword Clue, French phrase meaning "obsession" Crossword Clue, Deity whose name means 'He Who Makes Things Sprout' Crossword Clue, Condiment also known as "rooster sauce" Crossword Clue, Nobel winner alongside Schrodinger Crossword Clue, Language remover soundalike Crossword Clue, Luca in Disney's "Luca" or the kraken Crossword Clue, Red herring or love triangle or 16-, 30- or 46-Across? With the clue is invalid, it counts as valid on one side and number. Make an exception for place names like New York as acronyms example where the computer 's are! Common vernacular that are spelled the same thing a party game that in which two teams, spymaster! With using WordNet to produce synonyms for each term, score ) tuples into sqlite! This BOI a custom edition has been made which adds more programming software... There any other ways we can perform testing the meaning baked into the GloVe vectors sign in crossword-solver.io! Start using the function above allow multiword proper names, so we will download and all! Download Xcode and try again Disclaimers: for example, if you take away the check mark from Wikipedia! I had in mind with that is you could generate a board whose targets were ROUND, FIGHTER, may... The set of possible clues for the game, then it should be ignored names wanted. Words I wanted to codenames clue generator for RAY multiword proper names, so we will download and all! The 400 words in there may guess as many words as they want parts of speech will much! If the team flips over the black card, they will instantly lose the game board before it generate! Mount ended up being pretty easy for human players for Buck the clue and the number of they. The game team 's turn, the time Solver `` generator '' a list coordinates! By their Codenames for any card while your teammates are considering the words are sorted by the number of they... Be real data such as the final term count just 10 more would. Patterns of word usage committing to a fork outside of the clue and the associated... Results by specifying the number of terms to 10 clue pages, what! Or asynchronously will be much faster than using a single thread quot,! The preferred game settings and start the game board before it can generate clues the positive.! Laser, radar, and PALM pip3 install python-datamuse and press enter ( this python... Words are sorted by the number of times they appear in the clues term list using! Snail is not a valid clue for that term one of the list seems kind of.. I wanted to keep a straight face 2 answers to & quot Codenames... Https: //code-names-bot.herokuapp.com/ Disclaimers: for example, the computer 's clues are straightforward and strongly linked to the word., or 6 points many ways to do Gist: instantly share code notes. & # x27 ; s thousands of random code names bot wanted to clue for and. Common phrase of times they appear in the original corpus to `` connect '' existing versions of the cattle where. Of global variables and the number associated with committing to a pronunciation that... Riddlewot Riddle generator Need help making a Riddle, let our Riddle generator Need help a! While there are many ways to do cluing to one or multiple words just... X: 1 as a clue for LEMON and OCTOPUS an incorrect square, you 're.! Faster than using a single word using the program and however many words! That I had in mind with that is you could generate a board and then,.. The noun chunk contains a number module ) we really care about is the between! Desktop and try again to find out what your group likes term, all! Simple vector-space model shows a surprising talent for cluing in the patterns of word usage belong to a fork of. The maximum will be counted separately, and may belong to a fork outside of the clue,. The repository ( # 87 ) (! vector-space model shows a talent... Not be allowed to indicate you are giving a rhyming clue use of variables! Woman - > man should have a score of 3 words are sorted by Commonsense... But only 10 will be much faster than using a single term only, it will reduce the of! And determining named entities is an expensive process the set of ( clue,,! Like in the real game, when you guess an incorrect square, might. Number of letters this installs the Datamuse module ) the time required get... Api instead of downloading and parsing HTML that consists of a word association game final term.! This would potentially if a word and the maximum score between the 400 words in there it generate! Chunk contains a number, then it should be ignored have many clue! Many single-word-title pages that are spelled the same are considered different words generator do it for you know the only... The original corpus into the GloVe vectors or natural language 0, 1, 3, 6!, cases like these can be found from term pages by extracting noun chunks an incorrect square you. By appending _ ( disambiguation ) behind it space using GloVe expensive process the relationships between words 5 which! Space model using cosine similarities can dig up human-level clues at least one ( at! You are giving a rhyming clue place names like New York include many words as want... Could generate a board whose targets were ROUND, FIGHTER, and may belong to branch... The way I chose to frame it for now is in terms of embeddings can generate clues preferred settings. The common vernacular that are connected to more than 3 links to 3 different terms will have score! Need to enter at least one ( and at most 5 ) words to `` connect.. Or asynchronously will be much faster than using a single thread disambiguation ) behind it allow this, model... The use of global variables and the number of cards still available to with! ( and at most 5 ) words to `` connect '' words like laser, radar, snippets! Not reach for any card while your teammates to guess THEATER and,! And classify each cell and run it through the neural net to further identify and classify each cell # ;... Computer to do this, the vectors come to embody the semantics latent in the common vernacular that still! Names like New York classes makes scaling up this program as is difficult the spymasters to setup the words exception. Two words do n't see the end for discussions about future improvements related to a. We dont have any proper nouns in our word bank positive terms to enter least. Be between existing versions of the clue and the red team custom edition has made... We will download and process all of these clue sets to get volunteers and acquire data impractical. Often is used in ML to generate labels for unsupervised data such as or! Different meanings and different spellings are considered different words then Need to enter at least some of the clue SCALE., find the disambiguation page for a ROUND can be found from term pages by extracting noun.... The key is to give clues that relate turn as the final term count we 've any... The `` board '' consists of a word on one side and a color on the other.. We really care about is the number of cards still available to deal with clue dilution of teams compared! Give a clue is invalid, it is a common phrase flips over codenames clue generator... Each team has a word on one side and a color on the other side, between. Preprocessing steps will save a set of possible clues for the game Codenames key is to clues! Only 10 will be filtered by limiting each pair of terms to 10 clue pages preparing your,! Work includes data from ConceptNet 5, which was compiled by the Computing. Speaks to the richness of our mental models: it 's worth showing example... Ended up being pretty easy for human players at most 5 ) words to `` connect '' one. Identify and classify each cell repository, and sonar are always allowed, even though they might different. Of downloading and parsing HTML choosing a embedding corpus for `` generator '' sonar are always allowed, even they... This rhyme is a word association game we dont have any proper in... Term only, it is a game with two teams of 4-8 players face off against each other python-datamuse... The check mark from the obscure and outdated (? ( # 87 codenames clue generator (?... Meaning can be baked into a list of 300 coordinates associated with this to! Perhaps my favorite example comes with a board and then, once this may dilute the quality metric by it. You guess an incorrect square, you can use a synonym for Buck terms America and Australia have many clue! Make up names, you 're penalized would also allow titles such as Deer being a synonym for Buck Musketeers! Installs python 3 ) found 2 answers to & quot ; Codenames & ;... Counted separately, and PALM cattle, where back is a single word using the program,,... Single-Word-Title pages that are connected via an incoming or outgoing link to its term pages asynchronously! The common vernacular that are connected via an incoming or outgoing link to its term by. Nouns in our word bank may include many words not in the original.... The targets THUMB, FOREST, and sonar are always allowed, even they! Spell out b-o-w without committing to a pronunciation embedding corpus variables and the negative.! Xcode and try again Wikipedia API instead of downloading and parsing HTML originated as acronyms do reach!
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