A -Burma left Singapore on 14/5/42 Celebes Maru & disembarkedVictoria Point, in Burma. Only 550 of the 900+ who sailed from Taiwan were still alive; 150 more men died in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea in the coming months, leaving only 403 survivors of the original 1620 to be liberated from camps in Kyushu, Korea, Manchuria, and Taiwan in August and September 1945. A Japanese officer ordered the remaining twenty-two nurses and one civilian woman to walk into the surf. It consisted of five large and three small family barracks also called hongs. The following 58 pages are in this category, out of 58 total. Liberation came between the 24th and 30th August 1945 when the POWs were transported to Pekanbaru, although too late for the near quarter of all allied POWs who died from disease, malnutrition, starvation and brutality. There are many incidents of particular barbarity within the 3 years+ of Japanese captivity, here are a few of the more infamous. By the end of Sept. 1945, nearly all of the 32,000 Allied POW's in Japan . It wasnt a huge amount but it was enough to help me survive. The best site to research POW records from Taiwan is Michael Hurst MBE's POWTaiwan.org, - highly recommended. 2nd Lieutenant USAF Samuel C. Grashio survived the Bataan Death March and participated in the only successful mass escape from a Japanese prison camp. Three other Japanese officers were executed for mistreatment of POWs and/or civilians on other occasions, during 194245 and General Ito was sentenced to death that same year for war crimes committed in other parts of the Pacific. list of british prisoners in thailand list of british prisoners in thailand. Maebashi Maru (AKA Maybashi/Maebassi maru), Mati Mati Maru (AKA Matti Matti Maru, Canadian Inventor). Sailed from Sandakan Borneo to Labuan Island 0n 30th august 1943 arriving 3rd September with 8 POWs. River Valley Camp/Havelock Road camp (Malai 3). Even though one of Thailands prisons, Bang Kwang in Bangkok, is sarcastically referred to as the Bangkok Hilton, the truth is that prison cells are no five-star hotels. endobj Argyle Street Camp was a Japanese World War II Prisoner-of-war camp in Kowloon, Hong Kong which primarily held officer prisoners. Due to poor sanitation, lice and fleas plagued POWs, and there was danger of spreading infectious diseases. Of 549 men alive when the ship docked, only 372 survived the war. In spite of repeated requests for the regular forwarding of complete lists, not only of captures but of transfers and casualties, the Japanese never appear to have set up an organisation capable of dealing even with the notifications of the capture of the 300,000 Allied nationals in their hands. Photocopy. A camp leader who openly criticised conditions and treatment was liable to be beaten after the departure of the visitor, and recourse was had sometimes to the passing of messages while shaking hands to convey the true situation. Ship sunk 21 September 1944 by an unidentified US submarine. Ordinarily, the POWs carried a lunch box to work, and in some cases, the companies provided food for the POWs. Thailand has the largest prison population in Southeast Asia, with about 282,000 inmates in its 143 jails, mostly on drug convictions. Used as a POW & Internment camp between April 1942 and June 1944. The river was renamed the Kwai-Yai in the 1960s after the film, the rivers name in WWII was the Mae Klong. Sailed from Singapore to Manila on 04/7/44 with 1287 POWs on board arriving 15 days later. Soon I started receiving correspondence from the Prisoners Abroad team, I got their newsletter too I always looked forward to receiving that. However, living conditions were difficult. The organisation of POW camps in Japan was repeatedly reformed and rearranged, so the main camps, branch camps, dispatched camps and detached camps opened during the war numbered about 130. 16 0 obj The senior British senior officer at Keijo, Lt Col Elrington held the perception that Australians were being particularly targeted. Two months later, he was transferred to a camp at Cabanatuan. Why are hundreds of foreigners incarcerated in Peruvian Prisons? (Both Toshino and Wada had supervised the San Fernando murders.) Changi Gaol was scheduled for demolition in the second half of 2004, although the original entrance gate and a section of the outer wall were preserved as a memorial. Charity no. The Human Condition I: No Greater Love (I) (1959) A Japanese pacifist, unable to face the dire consequences of conscientious objection, is transformed by his attempts to compromise with the demands of war-time Japan. Unknown to the Japanese, there was a radio secretly hidden by the POWs on the grounds, which provided them with news from the outside world. She describes the whole journey, in one Facebook post, as the will of God which she and her son try to accept. The camp was in existence until May 31st 1944 when military prisoners were transferred to Changi prison, while the remaining 3500 civilians were moved to Sime Road Camp. My God, I thought. *6 the forgotten highlander Alistair Urquhart 2010, *8 Waterloo daily courier (Australia)February 16, 1945. Sunk by USS Queenfish (SS-393) 1 April 1945. 1,(shipyard), Tokyo, Japan, JC /257 Kobi, (steelworks), Kawasaki, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /262 Hakodate Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /263 Osaka HQ Camp, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /265 Kamo Camp, Fukuoka Group, Kyushu Island, Japan, JC /267 Amagasaki Camp, Osaka Camp, Otani Camp, Japan, JC /277 Kamaishi Camp, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /278 Asano, Garden Yama, Yokohama 13D,Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /282 Narumi 11th Sub Group, Nagoya Group, ( loco factory ), Japan, JC /287 Nagasaki 17, Omuta, Nagasaki Camp, Fukuoka Group, Japan, JC /289 Kamiso, Asano, ( cement factory ), Japan, JC /292 Yakoma Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /297 Ohama Camp, Hiroshima Group, Japan, JC /298 Funatsa 3rd Sub Group, Nagoya Group, Japan, JC /303 Shigahamyama Hospital, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /305 Nagoya 8B, Narumi, Nagoya Area, Japan, JC /306 Iruka Camp, Nagoya, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /308 Sakarajima Camp, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /309 Hanawa Camp 6, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /312 Kamyoka Prison, Yokohama, Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /315 Ichioka Stadium, PoW Hospital, Osaka Group, Japan, JC /318 Mitsui Camp, Kawasaki, tokyo Group, Japan, JC /319 Sakata Camp, ( Sakota), Tokyo Group, Japan, JC /322 Ohashi Camp, Hakodate Group, Japan, JC /331 Military Police Station, Sapporo, Hokkadio, Japan, JC /334 Wakasena Camp 10D, Sendai Group, Japan, JC /335 Nagasaki Camp, Fukuoka Group, Japan, JC /336 Kosaka Camp, Sendai Group 8B, Japan, JC /339 Kosei Hospital, Gumichi, Hiroshima, JC /23 Glodok Prison, Gloocock Gaol, Batavia, Java, JC /69 Bicycle Battalion Barracks, Batavia, Java, JC/ 103 Kloet St., Sing Arari, Malang, Java, JC /105 10th Battalion Barracks, Malang, Java, JC /112 Tjilatjas Barracks Depot Camp, Java, JC /113 Bandoeng ( includes Depot Camp),LOG Kangsayo Camp, 13 Pow, 3 Camp, Java, JC /114 Jaarmarkt, Jacomantu, Soerabaya, Java, JC /120 St. Vincent's Hospital, Batavia, Java, JC /141 Koan Pentekoan School, Kampong Mocassa, Java, JC /177 Aalgemene Middelbaar Schoole, Batavia, Java, JC /208 Tjimali L-OG Camp,Tjimahi, Bandoeng, Java, JC /212 No. <> In a night raid in late January 1945, under the cover of darkness and a distraction by a P-61 Black Widow, the group of US Rangers, Alamo Scouts (a US special reconnaissance unit) and Filipino guerrillas surprised the Japanese forces in and around the camp. Exact departure dates are confusing since some sources state 3rd June and some 5th June 1944. This prison was built for the British by American engineers in the 1930s, using Sing-Sing (New York USA) as a model. A few POWs did technical work and demonstrated their excellent technical skills. Some eventually went to a POW camp in Jinsen (Inchon), Korea, where they were given light duties, mainly sewing garments for the Japanese Army. endobj Departed Singapore with 1065 POWs on board bound for Moji (JAPAN) via Manila (Philippines) on 4/7/1944 and arrived in Japan on 9/8/44, the main body of POWs were ex Burma railway and this was the only ship in the 3 ship convoy to carry Australians. Sailed from Manila to Takao, Taiwan via Hong Kong on 3/10/44 arriving on 11/11/44 with 1100 POWs on board. It should be noted that only in the case of Japan proper (i.e. As prisoners tried to escape the flames they were then bayoneted or shot down. Color-coded by date of establishment as a main camp: blue for 1933-1937, gray for 1938-1939, red for 1940-1941, green for 1942, yellow for 1943-1944. Only 550 of the 900+ who sailed from Taiwan were still alive; 150 more men died in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea in the coming months, leaving only 403 survivors of the original 1620 to be liberated from camps in Kyushu, Korea, Manchuria, and Taiwan in August and September 1945. Pontianak POW camp, Pontianak (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Balikpapan POW camp, Balikpapan (Dutch Borneo) Kalimantan, Tanjung Priok POW camp, Tanjung Priok (Java), Koan School, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Glodok Gaol, Golodok, a suburb of Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java), Bicycle Camp, Batavia (modern Jakarta) (Java). Tarsau (Nam Tok) - 131 KM from Non Pladuk II, 284 KM from Thanbyuzayat. Sanitary facilities consisted of four 5-gallon buckets which were grossly inadequate. 273-274) re the beheading of the PBY aircrew members. These will contain the following sections: Camp, name, nationality, place of capture, fathers name, place of origin, next of kin and address, POW number, date of birth, unit and service number, date captured, mothers name, occupation and some other remarks. Anyone who fell behind the march was shot or bayoneted to death, their comrades forced to bury them or be executed themselves. On the 12th of September 1944 the convoy the Rakoyu was in was attacked by US submarines and the ship was hit by a torpedo from the US submarine Sealion. endobj Both ships reached Takao (Kaohsiung) harbour in Taiwan on New Year's Day, where the smaller group of prisoners was transferred from Brazil Maru to Enoura Maru, and 37 British and Dutch were taken ashore. The bedding was on the floor and each bed was rolled into a bundle during the day to allow for more space. The ship was bombed by Japanese aircraft and sank. In 1944, the course of war began to change drastically, and it became clearer that Germany was losing the war. % At that time, his father, 56 year Russell Whitmore expressed his frustration at the fate of his son. ; Catanduvas Federal Penitentiary (Catanduvas, Paran, Brazil) - also based on . 2-300 Australian & British POWs along with up to 5,000 Dutch POWs were forced to help build the road into the interior nearly 70km long between Blangkedjeren & Takengon. Towards the end of the war, the lack of clothing was very serious, and POWs were dressed in rags. Changi POW camps: TNA index reference & location: WO 367. 37,583 prisoners from the United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Dominions, 28,500 from Netherlands and 14,473 from the United States were released after the surrender of Japan. This has been published in the Royal Gazette of Thailand on 05 . The ship was built for Lang & Fulton of Greenock as SS Ardgorm. provided a list (called the "Yellow List") naming 73 camp locations, less than half the actual number of camps -- POW relief supply drops (4,470 tons) covered a total of 158 camp sites in Japan. 60 KM west of Bangkok and on the direct communication line of the Japanese Army. The UK and the country in which the British prisoner is held have the right to refuse a request as this is not an automatic right. This more benign regimen included better food, adequate accommodation, access to Red Cross parcels, delivery of mail (albeit slow), fewer atrocities and well-stage-managed annual inspections by International Red Cross Committee teams. Many of the fortifications, such as Fort Saint Elmo and Fort Ricasoli, were also used as prisons at some point. The nurses heard a quick succession of shots before the Japanese soldiers came back, sat down in front of the women and cleaned their bayonets and rifles. News of those held in the Dutch East Indies seems to have been withheld the longest. The registers give minimal information about each prisoner which may include registration card number and dispersal information. sailed from Singapore on 16 May 43. The Japanese military police (Kempeitai) used Outram Road Gaol in Singapore as a place of punishment for all those who broke their rules prisoners of war, internees and local people. This turned out to be the tipping point as the move would endanger the lives of gravely ill patients and also lead to the spread of diseases. Finally, in October, he was among 1000 prisoners judged fit to work; they were moved to a lumber camp on Mindanao to engage in manual labour. He and his crew sent two torpedoes speeding through the icy waters of the South China Sea toward the ship, striking it on the starboard number three hold and the stern. Westerners, often taller than most Thai prisoners, admit that overcrowding is a horrendous problem. Nicknamed the Benjo Maru as Benjo means toilet -due to the number of POWs suffering dysentery on board. Of the 267 Australians onboard only 72 survived. The POWs were already in weak condition before embarkation, and they had to endure terrible conditions while aboard the transport ships (hell ships'). Bang Kwang is a grim place holding long term prisoners, and is where the death sentence is carried out on rare occasions. History note Cataloguer Backlog History note Catalogue date 1977-07 Object details Object associations Associated subjects Original documents Miscellaneous Documents 2nd Amnesty Announced. A BRIT who spent six months in a Thai prison after being fleeced by an ex has told of the torture and abuse he suffered behind bars. These men had no assurance that the Japanese would respect the persons of neutral nationals any more than they did those of the nationals of enemy countries. Some rosters show if living, dead or killed in action (KIA), cause of death and burial site. On one march 2,790 POWs started, and only three survived. The young man, who is now 32 years of age, is believed to be suffering from the physical and mental effects of 5 years in Bangkoks Klong Prem prison on the outskirts of Bangkok in Chatuchak. Sailed from Singapore on 04/7/44 to Moji, Japan via Manila (Phillipines) arriving on 13/8/44 with 609 POWs. POWs were then transferred to the Tamahoko Maru which was sunk 24/6/44 in Nagasaki bay with only 212 survivors. Allied Officers were sent to oversee the transfer of the POWs from the Japanese Army. Debbie has said that he believes her son was vulnerable after the shock death of the young woman he loved. Co-accused Anthony Flannaghan was sentenced to death by lethal injection after being convicted of possession with intent to sell. While we all associate Thailand with crazy parties, Thai massages, pristine beaches, and lush forests, the truth is that the country has strict moral codes and regulations. To prevent the further loss of lives, Colonel E. B. Holmes ordered the POWs to sign the documents of non-escape. Sailed from Singapore on 06/09/44 to Japan with 900 POWs on board. At some periods up to 5,000 POWs were housed here: these camps acted as transit & despatch sites for POW work parties. It is the long-standing policy of HMG to oppose the death penalty in all circumstances and we aim to do everything we can to prevent the execution of any British national anywhere in the world.. They were joined there by 300 Chinese internees. to be used by the Japanese Armed Forces in the occupied areas. On 3 April a second raid by Liberator bombers of the U.S. Army Air Forces damaged the wooden bridge once again. Several times a month, meat or fish was provided, but as the food situation in Japan worsened, the meat disappeared. From cramped cells to unbearable food and prison brutality, the living conditions across Thailands prisons are notorious all over the globe. The big difference between the Branch Camp and Dispatched Camp is as follows: In a Branch Camp the Japanese Army supplied all the housing, food, and clothing for the POWs, In a Dispatched/detached camp food, housing, and clothing were provided by the companies and the IJA (Imperial Japanese Army) only provided the POWs and military staff. However, the pay was in the form of account books, not in cash. 3 0 obj JC/69 Bicycle Camp Gang, Ambon, Amboina, Ambon Group, JC/75 Amahi, Ambon, Amboina, Beram Is, Ambon Group, JC/111 Ambon, Ambon Group, Haroekoe Isle, Ambon Group, JC /115 Kuching, Sarawak, ( Sawmill/Jetty) Borneo, JC /17 Mergui, Kirikhan Road, (jungle road) Burma, JC /93 Longi, Ronsu, 62-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /100 Anankurin, Anaquin, Amankwin, Burma Railway, Burma, JC /123 Apalon, Umbron, 83-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /199 Kunbuitkway, 25-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /230 Wagele, 8-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /231 Massale, 70-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /232 108 kilo railway camp, Burma ( on the border with Siam ), JC /271 Mezali, 75-kilo railway camp, Burma, JC /327 Kando, Kandaw, Hospital Transit Camp, Burma, JC /259 Weinsen Internment Camp, Shantung Province, China, JC /37 Saigon, Saigon Docks, French Indo China, JC /68 Fumi, Phumy, Saigon Camp, French Indo China, JC /91 Lienkhang, Saigon, French Indo China, JC /168 Fumi Camp, No.1 Camp Fumi, nr Saigon, French Indo China, JC /224 Song Long Song Camp, French Indo China, JC /43 Kinkaseki, No. Censorship was a prime difficulty in the way of prompt delivery: piles of uncensored mail were found in some Japanese camp offices on liberation, and it seems probable that some were destroyed to avoid the work involved in censorship. Lance is a kind, caring, unselfish, loving person who always put others before himself. Information and forms for consular staff around the world helping detained British citizens get some extra support from Prisoners Abroad. 4 0 obj This list may not reflect recent changes. "I felt totally let down by the embassy," he said. Toward the end of the war, the IJA moved many of the camps in the industrial areas inland or to areas closer to the Sea of Japan because of air raids by the U.S. Air Force and in anticipation of the invasion of Japan. Stopping off at one of the world's most notorious prisons may not seem an ideal holiday plan, but more travellers are visiting foreign prisoners at Thailand's high-security Bang Kwang jail. A Blackpool businessman who spent more than 17 years in jail in Thailand, including two years chained up on death row, last night attacked the Foreign Office for its failure to help him and other British prisoners abroad. 13 & 3 Camp, Cherison, Bandoeng, Java, JC /255 1 Allied Group Hospital, Lyceum, Bandoeng, Java, JC /156 Taiping Jail Perak ( amalgamated with ) Ipoh, Malaya, JC /288 Ipoh ( amalagamated with JC /156 ), Malaya, JC /296 Sungei Bulow, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaya, JC /316 Oesapa Bezar, Timor, Netherlands East Indies, JC /313 Los Banos and Santo Tomas Camps, Manila, Philippines, JC /1 Kanburi, Kanchanaburi, Khan Buri, Siam, JC /2 Pungyisho ( south of Tarsao ), Siam, JC /5 152 kilo railway camp, Hintock River Camp, Siam, JC /26 Tamuang,Taenvang, Tam Wang, Siam, JC /27 Wanyei, North Tarsao, 125 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /34 Takelin, 101 kiol railway camp, Siam, JC /40 Linson, 202.5 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /42 Kanyu, 140 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /48 Pran Kashi, 208 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /49 Tarkenun, 203 kilo railway camp and 211 kilo, Swinton's Camp, Siam, JC /50 Tampii, Arrahill, Jungle Camp, Siam, JC /53 227 kilo railway camp and 245 kilo, Siam, JC /55 Vajiravugh College, Bangkok, Siam, JC /56 Takanon, 228 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /61 Klikrie, Klien Kli, Tarkenum, 240 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /62 Ladya Railway Suppy Camp, Kanburi to Tarsao Road, Siam, JC /70 Bankow, Bangkao, 96 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /71 Wampo South, 110 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /72 245 kilo railway camp and 227 kilo, Siam, JC /81 Rin Tin, 82 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /86 Tampii Camp, 147 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /96 North Wamps, Wamps, 114 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /99 Lampoe, 32 kilo north of Chieng-Mai, Siam, JC /126 230 kilo railway camp and 245 kilo, Siam, JC /133 Tamajo, 229 kilo railway camp, and 234, and 239 kilo, Siam, JC /137 Kachu Lu, Katchu Mountain Camp, Siam, JC /143 Bangan Camp, 9 kilo north of Brencasi, Siam, JC /159 Tarkenun,Swinton's Camp, 230 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /164 Tarrua, 102 kilo railway camp, Siam, JC /178 Tagerry ( Burma/Siam border ), Siam, JC /190 Bontilon Camp, ( on Wampo to Tavoy Rd ), Bonti, Siam, JC /3 Kranji No. Colonel E. B. Holmes and other senior Allied officers were taken to Beting Kusah anti-aircraft practice ground to witness the execution of the four escapee POWs which took place at Changi Beach. One of which was the transportation of 900 British POWs from Singapore on 28/10/42 to Takao, Taiwan. Sister Bullwinkel was later captured again and spent the rest of the war in captivity. There is some evidence that POWs here received the most humane treatment from their Japanese captors and were given a significant amount of privileges not found elsewhere. 824 (AKA Teiryu maru, Kakakusen, Northwestern Miller, Augsberg), President Harrison (AKA Kachidoki/Kakko maru). Left Singapore carrying 525 POWs 23/12/44 and arrived Moji Japan 13/01/45. <> Whenever that happens or what terms will be subsequently laid down by Thai, UK and for Jake, Australian authorities. Besides returning with Japanese officials and other civilians, these ships carried back mail and relief supplies for Allied nationals held by the Japanese. The total number of POWs who died in all the camps in Japan was about 10 % of those who were transported to the home islands. There are some RAF Nominal Rolls from Changi which were made in 1944 from the National Archives reference AIR 40/1899, these are very fragile and seem to be falling apart, unfortunately. Although he said he had been the victim of corruption by people seeking rewards for convictions, he added: "I like Thailand and I like the Thais." Attempting to stop further attempts, the Japanese required all POWs to sign a pledge of non-escape. Something went wrong, please try again later. And I know that if it wasnt for them, a difficult situation may have become an impossible one. This was not enough to keep the Japanese at bay and the British surrendered on 15 February 1942. The Asaka carried 709 British & Australian POWs from Singapore to Japan but was sunk by USN aircraft off Taiwan on 13/8/44, 690 survived. %PDF-1.5 Prison life is intimidating and disgusting. The Japanese Army and POW Policies: White and Asian POWs by Aiko Utsumi, 2005. When searching for a camp name you already know please bear in mind the names of the camps and their locations are very often mixed up within official and non-official records, therefore try to get as many names for the same place as you can or tie it down to the main camp and the type of work to find the subcamp. Alistair Urquhart 2010, * 8 Waterloo daily courier ( Australia ) February 16, 1945 284... Of non-escape Holmes ordered the POWs to sign a pledge of non-escape with Japanese and! That happens or what terms will be subsequently laid down by Thai, UK and for,! ( Australia ) February 16, 1945 to Takao, Taiwan: WO 367 taller most... 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Dispersal information then bayoneted or shot down SS Ardgorm he loved the further loss lives! Pages are in this category, out of 58 total proper ( i.e, were also as... 131 KM from Non Pladuk II, 284 KM from Thanbyuzayat, comrades!: TNA index reference & location: WO 367 bay with only 212 survivors Japanese...