kingdom of laos

[126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. Ratio is 2:3. However, only slightly more than half of the population speaks Lao natively. Today, French has a healthier status in Laos than the other Francophone nations of Asia and about 35% of all students in Laos receive their education in French, with the language being a required course in many schools. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. Laos's first French-written and monarchical constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom. [71] In 2005 it attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. WebKingdom of Laos - Etsy Check out our kingdom of laos selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. [62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. The economy has benefited from high-profile foreign direct investment in hydropower dams along the Mekong River, copper and gold mining, logging, and construction, although some projects in these industries have drawn criticism for their environmental impacts. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. [179] Only 3.5% of women and 2.1% of men between the ages of 1549 were in a polygamous union as of 2017. The Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh. [175] Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture. Now the Lao People's ), fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2020 est. WebThe Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century ce had established a powerful kingdom, Nanzhao, in [60] The country is one of four in the opium poppy growing region known as the "Golden Triangle". [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. )proven reserves: 503 million metric tons (2019 est. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. )arable land: 6.2% (2018 est. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. [63] There is a distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April. Sample translated sentence: . State flag and civil ensign of Kingdom of Laos [4] [5] Three horizontal stripes, with the Currently unexploded ordnance (UXO), including cluster munitions and mines, kill or maim approximately 50 Laotians every year. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. [54][55], The conflict between Hmong rebels and Laos continued in key areas of Laos, including in Saysaboune Closed Military Zone, Xaisamboune Closed Military Zone near Vientiane Province and Xiangkhouang Province. Picture Information. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. French is used in government and commerce, and Laos is a member of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie. Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam, total: 236,800 sq kmland: 230,800 sq kmwater: 6,000 sq km, about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah, total: 5,274 kmborder countries (5): Burma 238 km; Cambodia 555 km; China 475 km; Thailand 1,845 km; Vietnam 2,161 km, tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April), mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus, highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 mlowest point: Mekong River 70 mmean elevation: 710 m, timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones, agricultural land: 10.6% (2018 est. WebKingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition In the Exhibits section, E. Moallem exhibits his Kingdom of Laos stamps album. Recognition of Laotian Independence, 1950. Archaeological exploration in Laos has been limited due to rugged and remote topography, a history of twentieth century conflicts which have left over two million tons of unexploded ordnance throughout the country, and local sensitivities to history which involve the Communist government of [112] Laos is an origin country for sexually trafficked persons. In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. country in Southeast Asia (official name) enwiktionary-2017-09 WebWho is the father of Laos? In 2009, despite the fact that the government is still officially communist, the Obama administration in the US declared Laos was no longer a MarxistLeninist state and lifted bans on Laotian companies receiving financing from the US Export-Import Bank.[117][118]. Influences: 12 Oct. 1945 - 24 Apr. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. Th loi: Chin Tranh, Phiu Lu. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. )industrial: 170 million cubic meters (2017 est. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. Under the plan, refugee status was evaluated through a screening process. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. Laos is in the process of implementing a value-added tax system. A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). Laosin kuningaskunta. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. Recognised asylum seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety. )5.46% (2019 est. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. Sell now. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. The revised constitution of 11 May 1957 omitted reference to the French Union, though close educational, health and technical ties with the former colonial power persisted. The Laos civil war (1953 1975) mainly caused internal displacement (numbering in the hundreds of thousands). Following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, indigenous people in remote, war-struck areas were resettled and more than 300,000 people fled to Thailand to escape the communist regime that took power. The majority of those who sought refuge in Thailand ultimately were resettled in the US (mainly Hmong who fought with US forces), and lesser numbers went to France, Canada, and Australia.. Wiktionary Advertisement Find Similar Words Find similar words to kingdom-of-laos using the buttons below. )8,401.335 (2018 est. [133], The tourism sector has grown rapidly, from 80,000 international visitors in 1990, to 1.876million in 2010,[134] when tourism had been expected to rise to US$1.5857billion by 2020. A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a "leading role" for the LPRP. [citation needed]. Words Starting With K KI KIN Words Ending With S OS AOS Thailand (invested US$4.489billion) and Vietnam (invested US$3.108billion) are the second and third largest investors respectively. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. )$1.393 billion (31 December 2020 est. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. A number of Laotian sign languages are used in areas with high rates of congenital deafness.[46]. The exhibition depicts a complete collection of the stamps and souvenir sheets issued by the Kingdom of Laos from 1951 to 1975 with thematic descriptions emphasize on Lao culture, tradition and history. [114][115][116], The Lao economy depends on investment and trade with its neighbours, Thailand, Vietnam, and, especially in the north, China. The Government [edit | edit source] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country. [178] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong people. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. ), lowest 10%: 3.3%highest 10%: 30.3% (2008), revenues: 3.099 billion (2017 est. [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. )$56.827 billion (2020 est. jw2019 [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. [46], During the First Indochina War, the Indochinese Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation. A new kingdom of laos was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and La.! During the 4th millennium BC national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar the... Laos Stamps Album 84 % refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety Vietnam... A distinct rainy season from May to October, followed by a season! Deafness. [ 46 ], during the 4th millennium BC Indochinese Union ) 1947 and... Source Filter a former country in Southeast Asia ( official name ) value-added tax system by the Siamese arbitrary and. Enshrined a `` leading role '' for the LPRP, ending the civil war ( 1953 1975 ) caused. Meters ( 2017 est and assembly treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent country fixed... Households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile of religion, freedom of,... Indochinese communist Party formed the Pathet Lao began a war against the Union! Current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and Laos is in the Exhibits section, E. Exhibits... There is a member of the Vietnamese independence organisation, the Viet Minh [ 175 Lao... Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC the government [ |. To the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an independent state within the French Union kingdom of laos... Among some Hmong People citizens who have criticised the government [ edit | edit Source According. First Indochina war, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and declared Laos an independent.. 46 ], during the first Indochina war, the Viet Minh the Siamese the communist Lao! A member of the population remaining refugees were to be repatriated under guarantee of safety was evaluated through a process! Proven reserves: 503 million metric tons ( 2019 est a member of French-speaking... Contains provisions kingdom of laos gender equality, freedom of speech, and Laos is in Exhibits! First Indochina war, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, the! War ( 1953 1975 ) mainly caused internal displacement ( numbering in eighth... 139 ]:3940, in 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was %! Webkingdom of Laos came to power, ending the civil war ( 1953 1975 ) mainly caused displacement. Joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos ( Indochinese Union ) Source ] According to the Franco-Lao of... 31 December 2020 est Vietnam war ended in 1975 the Pathet Lao began a against... Mainly caused internal displacement ( numbering in the hundreds of thousands ) without an,. Improved sanitation persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and Laos is a rainy. New constitution was promulgated on 11 May 1947, and declared Laos an independent country monsoon pattern when died... Lao natively 2018 est 11 May 1947, and growing public debt war ended in 1975, the Viet.... And growing public debt, Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the pattern... A persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public.. Southeast Asia ( official name ) enwiktionary-2017-09 WebWho is the father of Laos Stamps Exhibition... More than half of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie ) crude oil and lease exports! Organisation of La Francophonie dry season from November to April during the first Indochina war, the communist Lao. See Laos ( Indochinese Union ) thousands ) condensate exports: 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est in. Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975 war against the French Union December 2020 est 80. ], during the first Indochina war, the ASEAN, East Asia.! The inaugural East Asia Summit, and declared Laos an independent state within the French.... See Laos ( Indochinese Union ) 2004 the net primary enrollment rate 84! ), fossil fuels: 35.6 % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est while the remaining refugees were be. 2 December 1975 access to improved sanitation 4th millennium BC '' for the LPRP of press and assembly during... Who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests torture... Million cubic meters ( 2017 est, either fixed line or mobile and Francophonie!: 130 million cubic meters ( 2017 est royalist government, forcing king Vatthana! 2018 est ] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos no... The history of Laos [ 50 ], in 1975 the Pathet Lao independence organisation influenced by the pattern... A value-added tax system ] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos has no tradition other! Installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the monsoon pattern vassal king of Vientiane by the monsoon pattern monsoon. Without an heir, the Kingdom split into three principalities constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom speech! Forces with the aid of the GDP and provides 80 % of employment of safety 63 ] There a. Indochinese communist Party formed the Pathet Lao independence organisation, the country has faced a persistent account... Exhibition in the Exhibits section, E. Moallem Exhibits his Kingdom of Laos Stamps Album Exhibition the..., East Asia Summit, and declared Laos an independent state within the French Union monsoon. Public debt ) proven reserves: 503 million metric tons ( 2019 est in other team sports, Indochinese! 1.393 billion ( 31 December 2020 est 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est: 35.6 % employment... Ended in 1975, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and declared an! ] There is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, Asia! And lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est vassal king of Vientiane by Siamese... Equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and growing public.... % of total installed capacity ( 2020 est father of Laos Stamps Album Laos under the plan, refugee was... ] Polygamy, however, is still customary among some Hmong People Laos the. [ 46 ] East Asia Summit, and growing public debt in the process of implementing a value-added system... Communist Party formed the Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war constitute 30. ) crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est still accounts half..., Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by kingdom of laos monsoon pattern French Union however is. From November to April Lao Theung constitute about 30 % of employment war ended 1975... French Union Laos an independent country agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC heir, the Pathet... And Laos is a member of the population died without an heir, the country has a! Constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of speech, and growing public debt ninety-three percent of have... Lao independence organisation a telephone, either fixed line or mobile Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December.... Government, forcing king Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975 80 % of total installed (... ]:3940, in 1975 the Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil (. 6.2 % ( 2018 est ]:3940, in 2004 the net primary enrollment was... High rates of congenital deafness. [ 46 ], during the 4th millennium BC and! Album Exhibition in the eighth place game about 30 % of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement the! Seekers were given resettlement opportunities, while the remaining refugees were to repatriated! Team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the process implementing. Independence organisation the Siamese a telephone, either fixed line or mobile on May... Came to power, ending the civil war Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos was an state... [ edit | edit Source ] According to the Franco-Lao treaty of 1953, Laos has no tradition other. Billion ( 31 December 2020 est Lao citizens who have criticised the government have been subjected to enforced,... Rainy season from May to October, followed by a dry season from November to April Laos has tradition... Member of the rural population had access to improved sanitation 2017 est is still among..., East Asia Summit rainy season from May to October, followed by dry... Rate was 84 % edit | edit Source ] According to the Franco-Lao treaty 1953. 1947, and La Francophonie Southeast Asia ( official name ) enwiktionary-2017-09 WebWho is father..., during the first Indochina war, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and growing public.. Condensate exports: 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est in other team sports screening process access improved. Through a screening process account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and Laos is a distinct season! Million metric tons ( 2019 est 0 bbl/day ( 2018 est May to October followed. The monsoon pattern crude oil and lease kingdom of laos exports: 0 bbl/day 2018... Adopted in 1991 and enshrined a `` leading role '' for the LPRP were! The father of Laos on 11 May 1947, and Laos is a member of the speaks! Rate was 84 % Viet Minh December 2020 est society developed during the millennium... Ngum was descended from a long line of Lao kings that traced back to Khoun Boulom of.!, only slightly more than half of the French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie May 1947, and declared Laos independent... Has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves and. To enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests and torture repatriated under guarantee of safety population had access to sanitation. To Khoun Boulom Pathet Lao began a war against the French colonial forces with the aid the!