On July 29, embassy and consulate general officials held a virtual roundtable with representatives of Afro-Brazilian religions, Islam, Judaism, Catholicism, and evangelical Christianity to discuss the state of religious freedom, tolerance, and diversity in the country. [1], In 2022, according to the denomination, Brazil had 909 879 Jehovah's Witnesses with 12 439 congregations and a ratio of 1 Witness to 238 residents. There is no dominant ethnic group, but the largest communities are from Iran, Turkey and Bosnia. Over 3 million slaves were sent to Brazil. Muslim Americans are primarily concentrated in major metropolitan areas, particularly in the New York City area. The law guarantees the right of students to express their religious beliefs and mandates that schools provide alternatives, including taking replacement exams or makeup classes. The State Secretariat for Human Rights in Rio de Janeiro reported 31 instances of religious intolerance between January and June, compared with 42 instances during the same period in 2019. In this poll, 64% reported to be Catholics, 17% Pentecostal Protestants, 5% non-Pentecostal Protestants, 3% Kardecists or Spiritists, 3% followers of other religions, 7% non-religious or atheists. miles). Brampton is sometimes thought of as having a high Muslim population, too, but that's because some people get their Arabs and Indians mixed up. The Islamic Presence in Brazil and Rio de Janeiro. These cults were persecuted throughout most of Brazilian history,[citation needed] largely because they were believed to be pagan or even satanic. Almost all Brazilian Muslims (99,2%) have been living in urban areas. The lower number of Muslims in Italy cannot fully explain the fewer acts of terrorism or radicalization. The Islamic Slave Revolts of Bahia, Brazil A Continuity of the 19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan. Do Estado Mosque is from the Middle East and often Imams are chosen jointly by the Mosques' management committees and the Arab governments that pay for the Imam's services. He is the author of the Historical Dictionary of Lebanon (1998), Bin Laden, Islam . The essence of the Muslims of Bahia was to support the cause of emancipation, regardless of their ethnoreligious background. From this, one can see the emergence of the Brazilian-Muslim, an identity of its own, born out Brazils very own history of migration and slavery, as opposed to the Muslim-in-Brazil. Religion in Brazil [poll data] (2020) . 81% of those non-religious reported to believe in God. RELIGION AND PUBLIC LIFE, Harvard Divinity School14 DivinityAvenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. my.hds |Harvard Divinity School |Harvard University |Privacy | Accessibility | Digital Accessibility | Trademark Notice | Reporting Copyright InfringementCopyright 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. According to Terreiro Icimimo, at years end, authorities had not identified or arrested any of the vandals. 75% reported to believe in the Devil, 9% have doubts and 15% do not believe in the Devil. COVID-19 restrictions delayed the formation of the panel. About the sentence "the Protestants are misled by their priests", 61% agreed (77% among the Kardecists, 67% among Catholics and 45% among Protestants). 51% disagreed. With a population reportedly reaching into the millions, further discussion must be sought regarding the history of Muslims in Brazil. The number of Muslims in Brazil, according to the 2010 census, was 35,207 out of a population of approximately 191 million people. In an August 14 appeal decision, the court restored custody to the mother. The population of Brazil is projected at 213,993,437 or 214.00 million as of July 1, 2021. (You know how that goes.) [19] The 2010 Census reported that 22.2% of the Brazilian population is Protestant, about 44 million people. On January 21, municipalities throughout the country commemorated the National Day to Combat Religious Intolerance. There was also some hindrances to the construction of temples and cemeteries that belonged to the Catholic Church. The constitution states freedom of conscience and belief is inviolable, and the free exercise of religious beliefs is guaranteed. [27][28] In recent years measures have been taken to counter religious conflict.[27]. Brazil possesses a richly spiritual society formed from the meeting of the Catholic Church with the religious traditions of enslaved Africans and indigenous people. In February, the Paraiba State Commission of Soccer Referees ordered Edson Boca not to wear clothing that represented his Afro-Brazilian religion while he worked as a massage therapist for the Sao Paulo Crystal soccer team. Afro-Brazilian religious groups experienced the greatest number of occurrences, with four cases involving practitioners of Candomble and 19 cases involving practitioners of Umbanda. 2020, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Nordeste e Sul so ltimos 'basties' catlicos do Brasil", "Transio religiosa no Brasil: 1940-2032", "As evangelicals gain, Catholics on verge of losing majority in Brazil", "Once-Barred Practice Flourishes in Brazil. In September, embassy representatives met with the Ministry of Women, Family, and Human Rights Secretariat of Global Protection to discuss the importance of religious freedom. Police concluded their investigation of a 2019 incident in which self-named Drug Traffickers for Jesus reportedly attacked a Candomble temple in the Parque Paulista neighborhood of Duque de Caxias, in the Baixada Fluminense region of Rio de Janeiro State. Pugliesi had a large, tiled swastika symbol in his personal pool and named his son Adolf; police seized Nazi-related materials from him in 1994. Although less than two percent of the population followed Afro-Brazilian religions, a disproportionate amount of the cases registered by the human rights hotline involved victims who were practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions; 17 percent of the cases registered by the human rights hotline during the first six months of 2019 involved victims who were practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions, down from 30 percent the previous year. Though Brazil has developed greatly, rising as one of the forefront economic powerhouses, one can see the remnants of this colonial age once again. On July 31, a Sao Paulo court awarded custody of a 12-year-old girl to her maternal Christian grandmother, removing the girl from her mother, who had supported her daughters choice to practice Candomble. According to FIERJ, at years end, the investigation remained pending. Through mutual-aid societies, the Mal would assist in the liberation of various other African slaves. But Goinia is the state capital with the largest proportion of Pentecostal Protestants in the country (20.41%), followed by Boa Vista, Porto Velho, Belm and Belo Horizonte. In recent decades, there has been a great increase of Neo-Pentecostal churches and in Afro-Brazilian religions,[12] which has decreased the number of members of the Roman Catholic Church. Overall, the number of Muslims has been growing, as well as their share of the total world population. During the 1992 Earth Summit, which was held in Brazil, the international and local Bah community were given the responsibility for organizing a series of different programs, and since then the involvements of the Bah community in the country have continued to multiply. While Muslims in Asia have reached more than two-thirds of the world's Muslim population living on this continent. The law allows public and private school students, except those in military training, to postpone taking exams or attending classes on their day of worship when their faith prohibits such activities. The next significant migration of Muslims was by Arabs from Syria and Lebanon. Atheists and those with no religion represent 11 percent, and the proportion of evangelical Christians is 31 percent, compared with 24 percent in 2016. Schwartz, S. (1970). Municipalities in the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area registered 17 incidents, including three in Rios Baixada Fluminense Region. . A survey from the Henry Sobel Human Rights Observatory found that acts of intolerance and anti-Semitic attitudes were increasingly common in social and political spheres. The U.S. government estimates the total population at 211.7 million (midyear 2019 estimate). Spiritism is a religion, founded in the 19th century by the French educator Allan Kardec, which proposes the study of "the nature, origin, and destiny of spirits, and their relation with the corporeal world". The diversity of influence also stretches to businesses such as the textile industry, which is mostly run by merchants of Syrian-Lebanese origin (mainly of Christian faith). Brazil has also no bar against dual citizenship. A spokeswoman for the company apologized and said, Our intention was never to trivialize or offend. The Sao Paulo-based brand removed ads from its website and stopped producing the shorts. Some African Muslims returned to Africa, while intermarriage, public education, Catholic syncretism and conversion to Catholicism and African-derived religions further diminished numbers. Muhammad Abdullah al-Ahari, The Caribbean and Latin America, Islam Outside the Arab World, eds. 10. [1] This derivation of 'teacher' is important in understanding the revolt as many of the African Muslims were well educated. All rights reserved. The majority of the participants were Nago, the local designation for ethnic Yoruba. Government regulations require public schools to offer religious instruction, but neither the constitution nor legislation defines the parameters. [22] However, the 2010 census reported nearly 1.4 million people listed themselves as members . According to Fernandes, the mayors staff deliberately destroyed a sidewalk in front of a Candomble temple, made derogatory statements about his religion, and verbally threatened him in the mayors presence for criticizing the mayors policies. Brazil is a predominantly Christian country with Islam being a minority religion, first brought by African slaves and then by Lebanese and Syrian immigrants. Islamic community represents 14.2% of total population in India. The federal police opened an investigation of the case. Adherents of other Christian groups, including Jehovahs Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Seventh-day Adventists, as well as followers of non-Christian religions, including Buddhists, Jews, Muslims, Hindus, and Afro-Brazilian and syncretic religious groups, such as Candomble and Umbanda, make up a combined three percent of the population. 2nd ed. Jews and the American Slave Trade, p. 60. Largest Cities in Brazil CITY NAME Many confuse Spiritism with Afro-Brazilian Religions like Umbanda, Candombl and others that have a following of almost 600,000 adherents. (2020) total count of 207 million. In October, the Santa Catarina Liberal Party leadership removed a history professor from its candidate list for a local town council election in Pomerode due to his association with neo-Nazi symbols and for not being ideologically aligned with the party. The beginning traces of the Islam can be found during the 18th century with the arrival of slaves from West Africa, where the religion was already being widely practised, to the point of having established Islamic empires that spanned the Northern and Western regions of Africa. Which countries have the largest Muslim populations in the world? [5] Barbary pirates were known to attack the shipping of slaves and merchandise while taking prisoners coming from the Americas. IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics). By 2030, the world's total Muslim population is expected to increase by 35 percent over its 2010 level, to 2.2 billion people. Brazil is home to the third-largest Buddhist population in the Americas, after the United States and Canada. The country with the largest number of Muslims overall is Indonesia, which is home to an estimated 231 million Muslims. However, the Brazilian republican government legalized all of them on the grounds of the necessary separation between the State and the Church in 1889. Its population is equivalent to 2.73% of the total world population. Most of the reports involved discrimination but did not specify what kind. If we compare the growth rates of all communities in the 2001 and 2011 census, the sharpest and steepest decline was registered by the Muslim community from 29.52 to 24.60. Though facing little friction overall, there are accounts of Pentecostals verbally harassing Muslims, particularly women wearing Islamic dress. This syncretism, coupled with ideas prevalent during the military dictatorship, has resulted in a church for the secular, based on philosopher Auguste Comte's principles of positivism, based at the Positivist Church of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro. In May, the Sao Paulo Legislative Assembly held the Sao Paulo State Religious Freedom Week, a series of virtual meetings to promote freedom of religion and tolerance. We are onFB,Twitterand Instagram! Islam arrived in Brazil with West African slaves, including Hausa, Malinkes, and Yoruba. These principles of freedom that were established in the faith act as inspiration. However, the United States, in which estimates . On September 1, the Ambassador met virtually with the President of the National Conference of Brazilian Bishops, Dom Walmor Oliveira de Azevedo. Protestantism in Brazil largely originated with American missionaries in the second half of the 19th century, following up on efforts that began in the 1830s. Answer (1 of 9): Yes, they are at best viewed as an "exoticism", which unfortunately also includes some prejudices and biases mostly due to ignorance, since Muslims are less than 0.2% of the Brazilian population and in the overwhelming majority of the country are so rare that probably most people. The 10 highest concentrations of Muslim Americans in counties with more than 10,000 residents are: Queens County, New York (5%) Kings County, New York (4%) Although forced conversions by the government had committed to subduing further revolts via Mal people, Islam was still a prominent religion amongst the African slaves with gently declining numbers until the early 1900s. On Thursday evening, a 25-year-old Algerian migrant was arrested in the 4th arrondissement of Marseille, France. The law provides penalties of up to five years in prison for crimes of religious intolerance, including bullying, employment discrimination, refusal of access to public areas, and displaying, distributing, or broadcasting religiously intolerant material. "Populao residente, por situao do domiclio e sexo, segundo os grupos de religio - Brasil - 2010", Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, "Brazil - LDS Statistics and Church Facts", "Brazil mystery: Case of the missing Mormons (913,045 of them, to be exact)", "6 new temples announced by President Nelson, including another Utah location", Neo-Pentecostalism and Afro-Brazilian religions: explaining the attacks on symbols of the African religious heritage in contemporary Brazil, "Afro-Brazilian religions struggle against Evangelical hostility", Oreck, Alden. Schools are required to teach Afro-Brazilian religion, history, and culture. Brazil has many versions of Protestantism. According to Fernandes, the Belford Roxo city government repaired the sidewalk and formally apologized for the incident. For a detailed breakdown of how many Muslims live in each of the world's countries and what percentage of that country's population that equals, check out the table below. During the year, the Inter-Religious Forum for a Culture of Peace and Freedom of Faith, an entity of the Sao Paulo State Secretary of Justice and Citizenship with representatives from 22 religious groups, established a partnership with the Sao Paulo Court of Justice to create a panel to mediate and resolve religious conflicts. If considered non-Christian, Spiritism would be by far the largest non-Christian religion in Brazil; if considered as a Christian religion, it would be the third largest denomination after Roman Catholicism and the Protestant Assemblies of God. The Construction of Muslim Identities in Contemporary Brazil. We also express our full and unrestricted support for the Jewish community, of which we are friends and share common values., In October, the Santa Catarina Liberal Party leadership removed history professor Wandercy Pugliesi from its candidate list for a local town council election in Pomerode due to his association with neo-Nazi symbols and for not being ideologically aligned with the party. Percentage of Muslim Population by Country: Middle-East North Africa - 91% Central Asia - 89% Southeast Asia - 40% South Asia - 31% Sub-Saharan Africa - 30% Asia-Oceania - 25% Europe - 6% Americas - 1% A small number of Sindhis had arrived here from Suriname and Central America in 1960 to set up shop as traders in the city of Manaus. Although Muslims can be found all over the world, the majority live in northern and central Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. This was apparent to the Brazilian empire who initiated a greater crusade to convert the remaining slaves after the failure of the revolt to Catholicism. These are the only cities in Brazil with more than 1.000 muslims. [40], There are, in Brazil, many followers of Japanese new Religions like Oomoto, PL Kyodan, Seicho-no-Ie and the Church of World Messianity. However, in recent years both Chinese Mahayana and South East Asian Theravda sects are gaining popularity. [1], The 2010 national census reported 226,509 people identifying as members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints;[23] This is very different from the church's reported membership, in 2012, of 1 173 533[24] causing some to question the membership numbers reported by the LDS church.[25]. In 1900 the Muslim population was 200 million, today they're about 2 billion, so in over a century they increased their population tenfold. Acting Governor Claudio Castro said, The inauguration of this monument sends an important message of respect, love, and tolerance that is fundamental for todays society. The memorial, which organizers began planning in 2017, was the result of a partnership between the municipal government, the Brazilian-Jewish community, and private donors. By Pew in 2010, there are 204,000 Muslims in Brazil, representing 0.1% of total population. Again, this disparity is more pronounced in Europe, with French people believing Muslims will make up 40 percent of the population in 2020, when research puts that percentage at just 8.3 percent. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. A final significant group came, fleeing Nazism or the destruction that followed World War II. Despite 60% of Brazilian Muslims being men, 70% of converted Muslims are women.[19]. The constitution prohibits federal, state, and local governments from either supporting or hindering any religion. It was noted by Dr. Antonio Sosa, a Portuguese cleric held captive in North Africa in the 1570s, that the port of Algiers maintained one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world including Amerindians from Iberian colonies in the New World. The constitution prohibits the federal, state, and local governments from either supporting or hindering any specific religion. Also on January 21 in Sao Paulo State, the city of Sao Carlos Human Rights Department held a film screening, followed by a discussion of different actions that could be taken to address religious intolerance. 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